Misalin Ƙa'idar Fannin Rana
Misalin Ƙa'idar Fannin Rana
Hasken rana shine mafi kyawun tushen makamashi ga ɗan adam, kuma halayensa marasa ƙarewa da sabuntawa sun tabbatar da cewa zai zama tushen makamashi mafi arha kuma mafi amfani ga ɗan adam. Ranakun hasken rana makamashi ne mai tsafta ba tare da gurbacewar muhalli ba. Dayang Optoelectronics ya ci gaba cikin sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, shine filin bincike mafi mahimmanci, kuma yana daya daga cikin manyan ayyuka.
Hanyar yin bangarori na hasken rana ya dogara ne akan kayan semiconductor, kuma ka'idar aikinsa ita ce amfani da kayan aikin photoelectric don shayar da makamashin haske bayan amsawar photoelectric, bisa ga nau'o'in kayan da aka yi amfani da su, ana iya raba su zuwa: sel na tushen silicon da bakin ciki. -fim hasken rana, a yau yafi magana da ku game da silica tushen solar panels.
Na farko, siliki solar panels
Silicon Solar cell ka'idar aiki da zane-zane Tsarin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki shine galibi tasirin photoelectric na semiconductor, kuma babban tsarin semiconductor shine kamar haka:
Madaidaicin caji yana wakiltar zarra na silicon, kuma caji mara kyau yana wakiltar electrons guda huɗu da ke kewaya atom ɗin silicon. Idan aka gauraya kristal na silicon da sauran datti, kamar boron, phosphorus, da sauransu, idan aka hada boron, za a sami rami a cikin kristal na silicon, kuma samuwarsa na iya komawa ga adadi kamar haka:
Madaidaicin caji yana wakiltar zarra na silicon, kuma caji mara kyau yana wakiltar electrons guda huɗu da ke kewaya atom ɗin silicon. Yellow yana nuna sinadarin boron atom, domin akwai electrons 3 kacal a kusa da zarran boron, don haka zai samar da shudin rami da aka nuna a cikin wannan adadi, wanda ya zama rashin kwanciyar hankali saboda babu electrons, kuma yana da sauƙi a sha electrons da neutralize. , samar da nau'in semiconductor P (tabbatacce). Haka nan idan aka hada sinadarin phosphorus, saboda sinadarin phosphorus yana da electrons guda biyar, daya daga cikin na’urorin lantarki zai fara aiki sosai, yana samar da nau’in Semiconductor N(negative). Masu launin rawaya sune ƙwayoyin phosphorus, kuma jajayen sune abubuwan da suka wuce gona da iri. Kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton da ke ƙasa.
Nau'in na'ura na P-nau'in sun ƙunshi ƙarin ramuka, yayin da nau'in semiconductor na nau'in N-nau'in na'ura sun ƙunshi ƙarin electrons, ta yadda idan aka haɗa nau'in P-type da N-type semiconductor, za a sami bambanci mai yuwuwar wutar lantarki a farfajiyar lamba, wanda shine mahadar PN.
Lokacin da P-Type da n-Type semiconductors an kafa su ne, an kafa wani yanki na musamman a cikin yankin da ke cikin gida na semicontuckors biyu, kuma an caje shi da P-Type gefe da aka caje shi da kyau. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa semiconductor na nau'in P suna da ramuka da yawa, kuma nau'in semiconductor na nau'in N suna da electrons masu kyauta da yawa, kuma akwai bambanci mai yawa. Electrons a cikin yankin N suna yaduwa zuwa yankin P, kuma ramukan da ke cikin yankin P suna yaduwa zuwa yankin N, suna samar da "filin lantarki na ciki" wanda aka ba da umarni daga N zuwa P, don haka hana yaduwa daga ci gaba. Bayan an kai ga ma'auni, an samar da irin wannan siriri na musamman don samar da bambanci mai yuwuwa, wanda shine mahadar PN.
Lokacin da wafer yana nunawa ga haske, ramukan nau'in semiconductor na nau'in N a cikin mahadar PN suna motsawa zuwa yankin nau'in P, kuma electrons a cikin nau'in nau'in P suna motsawa zuwa yankin nau'in N, wanda ya haifar da halin yanzu daga yankin N-type zuwa yankin nau'in P. Sannan akwai yuwuwar bambance-bambance a cikin mahadar PN, wanda ke samar da wutar lantarki.